8 in 1 vaccine for sheep 8 in 1 vaccine for sheep

Use of sheep-labeled clostridial vaccines in goats has shown variable protection. If blackleg is prevalent in your area, Covexin 8 can be used instead, to protect against blackleg as well as overeating disease and tetanus. ULTRAVAC 5 IN 1 VACCINE - The Animal Pharmacy hbbd```b``"@$f&"M$|Vf-`6L8V,"K!4IF`YE0 a0 jxyjA?HP/3Lg`` Leftover and expired products should be discarded to ensure the maximum efficacy. Despite its common appearance, it remains relatively unharmful unless presented with opportunities to rapidly proliferate, causing a release of toxins. The vaccine may be used as an aid in the control of pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep of all ages from a minimum age of 3 weeks and in the control of systemic pasteurellosis in weaned fattening and breeding sheep. He also said that when the disease has been identified in a live sheep, the treatment time is very short as the bacteria replicate in the lungs and enter the bloodstream where they release a toxin. 6 in 1 vaccine, drench pre-lamb gives income boost - Scoop This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Effect of vaccine schedule on blood concentration of the toxin epsilon (-toxin) caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in ewes and lambs. Vaccinate for pasteurella caused by Mannheimia haemolytica at 8-12 weeks of age, with a booster at 12-16 weeks of age. Each spasm usually lasts for a few minutes. Although C. perfringens TypeB is not a significant problem in North America (US), immunity is derived from a combination of Type C (beta) and Type D (epsilon) C. perfringens fractions. For goats, Clostridium perfringens type D appears to be the most problematic, with Clostridium perfringens type C rarely being reported. Cydectin Long Acting Injection for Sheep can be used four to eight weeks prior to lambing and was proven to result in an average increase in ewe weaning weight of 3.2kg and an average increase. Read all labels carefully before administering vaccines or other treatments. He also said that vaccines should be handled correctly as they are biological agents. In the most common type, the spasms begin in the jaw, and then progress to the rest of the body. Clostridial vaccines can be highly reactive at the vaccination site. This suggests vaccinating young lambs provides no protection however, vaccinating ewes prior to lambing can impart immunity to the lamb. Veiwings are welcome.they are now on solids aswell as milk. Another issue with the 8-in-1 vaccination lies with when to administer it. Retrieved May 1, 2018, from https://www.merckvetmanual.com/respiratory-system/respiratory-diseases-of-sheep-and-goats/pasteurella-and-mannheimia-pneumonias-in-sheep-and-goats, B-112: Guide for Control of External Parasites of Sheep and Goats https://pubs.nmsu.edu/_b/B112/, CR-604: Sheep Production and Management https://pubs.nmsu.edu/_circulars/CR604/, CR-685: Sheep Nutrition https://pubs.nmsu.edu/_circulars/CR685/. They r also used for Cardiac & Diabetic Alert, Emotional Support (PTSD/Autism/ Downs Syndrome) & Assistance w . 50 mLCattle-10 doses. For the vaccination of healthy cattle and sheep against diseases caused by Clostridium chauvoei, Cl. 250 mLCattle-50 doses. 0 2nd set of vaccines. Store at 35-45F (2-7C). For most operations, the 3-way provides adequate clostridium protection, but will be farm-dependent. Spam protection has stopped this request. Revaccinate annually with 2 mL prior to periods of extreme risk or parturition. Sheep-50 primary/125 booster doses. CLOSTRIDIUM CHAUVOEI-SEPTICUM-HAEMOLYTICUM-NOVYI-TETANI-PERFRINGENS TYPES C & D BACTERIN-TOXOID. Clostridial vaccines should be given at least yearly to adult sheep previously vaccinated. Sudden death in unvaccinated grazing animals is often the hallmark trait of this disease, he said. Eryvac- Vaccine to assist in preventing Erysipelas arthritis. Lewis, G. S., Wang, S., & Taylor, J. 30 days after lambing or kidding. After these two initial doses the majority of vaccines require an annual booster (unless pulpy kidney is an issue). 71.4 per cent of people in Germany had received . DVMetrics assumes no liability, and each user assumes full risk, responsibility, and liability, related to its use of the DVMetrics service and data. These two doses are vitally important in providing adequate antibodies and ensuring the immune system can recognize and handle potential clostridial issues. The frost covered grass causes the lining of the stomach to die and the clostridial bacteria attack the damaged tissue, he said. Use entire contents when first opened. Lacasta, D., Ferrer, L. M., Ramos, J. J., Gonzlez, J. M., Ortn, A., & Fthenakis, G. C. (2015). Lambs should be given their primary course beginning at 10 to 12weeks of age. LITTLE WOMEN'S BETH, BTF is a Australian Shepherd puppy for sale in Sheep and goats stand together on Monday in Schneverdingen, Germany, as they form an approximately 330-foot syringe to promote vaccinations against COVID-19. Veterinary Microbiology, 181(1), 34-46. Read all labels carefully before administering vaccines or other treatments. Vaccinating Goats | CALS Spasms occur frequently for three to four weeks. septicum), tetanus (Cl. Clostridial vaccines can be highly reactive at the vaccination site. Figure 1. Campylobacter is a common cause of late term abortion in ewes. A 20% suspension of sheep brain infected with the Moscow strain of fixed rabies virus is mixed with an equal volume of 15% sucrose solution and passed in a thin film at the rate of 1.8-4 litres per hour over a 315 mm glass disc rotating at 16-20 revolutions per minute, at distances of 10-20 cm from an . It commonly affects single kids and lambs, nursing dams that are heavy milkers, and feeder animals that are on high energy diets. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether subcutaneous (S/C) or intramuscular (I/M) is better in vaccination against foot-and mouth disease (FMD), in addition, to determination of the most protective dose concerning the economic point of view. With proper feeding, management, and immunization, the disease can be controlled. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Due to constraints faced with diagnosis of Camylobacter abortion in flocks vaccine can be used as a trial to evaluate if campylobacter is causing significant losses on property (if guidelines are followed). Death is inevitable, usually about three or four days after symptoms appear. Any dog that has already been infected with one of the diseases that the 8-in-1 vaccinates against might be more adversely affected than helped by the injection. Zoetis's Zulvac 8 Bovis and Ovis vaccines are now available, with MSD Animal Health set to. Sheep dosage: Inject 5 mL subcutaneously followed by a 2 mL dose in 6 weeks. Wood Posts Shop All. Sheep-10 primary/25 booster doses. As you can see, I am a . Lambs nursing heavily lactating ewes or bottle lambs are at a higher risk for type C clostridium. Convert Youtube to MP3 for free and unlimited. Sheep, goats join Germany's coronavirus vaccine drive forming the shape of a 330-foot syringe By Jennifer Hassan January 4, 2022 at 6:37 a.m. EST Shepherd Wiebke Schmidt-Kochan on Jan. 3. Clostridium perfringens types C and D antitoxin. Lambs and kids will receive passive, temporary immunity to overeating disease when they consume colostrum from these vaccinated animals. Finding the perfect Border Collie puppy has never been easier. Buddy The 7-way and 8-way vaccines include additional protection from other clostridial strains, such as blackleg and malignant edema, which is considered less common for sheep in North America. Clostridium is a natural resident in a small ruminants digestive tract and is also found in soil, feces, water and as a feed contaminate. Braxy tends to occur in either adult or yearling sheep. 700 . MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. All other rights reserved. Sheep Equipment and Housing Plans Blueprints Colorado State University Extension, Sheep Building Plans North Dakota State University, American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, Forages Ohio State University Extension, OSU Talking Sheep, Sheep Education and Information, If you have trouble accessing this page and need to request an alternate format, contact u@osu.edu. Anthelmintic (de-wormer) [Again, only recommended for the treatment of those individuals that need it as opposed to a blanket treatment regiment]. What the hell are you talking about. Only a licensed veterinarian should administer the 8-in-1 vaccination to your dog. Generally an issue is only detected due to low marking percentages. Translational Animal Science, 1(4), 585-591. doi:10.2527/tas2017.0065, Simpson, K. M., Callan, R. J., & Van Metre, D. C. (2018). We cannot confirm the completeness, accuracy and currency of the content. Research suggests that the duration of protective immunity is much shorter in goats when compared to sheep and cattle using similar clostridial vaccines. Ideally it is given 3-4 weeks prior to lambing. endstream endobj startxref Advice, Enterotoxemia (Pulpy kidney) in sheep (particularly younger stock) going onto a rising plane of nutrition, Black disease in areas where parasite damage to the liver can result in ideal conditions for this bacteria, Blackleg where damage to muscles (by grass seeds, injections, injury) can also set up ideal conditions, Malignant oedema due to injury, with lambing ewes at high risk at lambing or with difficult births, Tetanus is a problem when there are injuries, especially at lamb marking. Clostridial Vaccines and Administration B. Supporting Ohio sheep producers by providing educational information, sheep research conducted at Ohio State, resources, and contact information for leaders in Ohio's sheep industry. In a disease outbreak, an anti-toxin could be provided for immediate short-term neutralization of formed toxins. Courtesy: De la Rosa et al., Journal of Animal Science (1997), He also said that lambs should receive a booster shot four-to-six weeks later. For more information, visit https://extension.msu.edu. Get out of your sheep bubble. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Costs approximately $3/head- cheap insurance for a costly disease. Thank you, your email will be added to the mailing list once you click on the link in the confirmation email. Enterotoxemia vaccines are available and are an important aspect of controlling the disease. Lambs from vaccinated ewes had higher antibody levels than lambs from unvaccinated ewes; however, vaccinating the lambs did not increase antibody levels between the treatments. Respective University constituents are responsible for reviewing and maintaining up to date information. The recBCG-TgGRA1 vaccine was subcutaneously injected into sheep with a dose of 10 9 BCG, and a booster dose was administered intravenously with 10 8 BCG, 12 weeks after the first dose. Administered, anti-toxins provide toxin neutralization, but as the immune system did not create it, it will not create more, so only short-term immunity will be provided. Sheep Vaccines - Virbac This button displays the currently selected search type. Ultravac 5 in 1 50ml. The purpose of this publication is to offer a guide in establishing a health management schedule. For animals subject to reexposure to Cl. This is a breed with an abundance of energy and desire to work, both of which make them a top choice for herding on ranches today. Covexin 8 Vaccine - Drugs.com This work was conducted by de la Rosa et al. This may be especially important for young, growing kids. These vaccines, known as bacterin-toxoids, are designed to provoke an immune response, while causing no harm to the animal. Direction and dosage information for Covexin 8. (Previously published withSouth Dakota State University Extension: May 16, 2022), Figure 1. Scabigard (scabby mouth)- This is a single dose live vaccine. (1997) and published in the Journal of Animal Science, 75(9), 2328-2334. Nave animals (never vaccinated) and lambs 2 weeks or older should be administered two doses of a clostridial vaccine according to label instruction under the advisement of a veterinarian. Your Comprehensive Guide to Puppy Vaccinations, Doctors Foster & Smith: Vaccination Recommendations for Puppies, Dogs4Dogs.com: Combination Shots for Dogs. Puppies that live in close proximity to other dogs are much more susceptible to the vast array of diseases against which the 8-in-1 protects. 65 0 obj <>stream For sheep and goats, it is recommended to vaccinate prior to lambing, weaning, and breeding. Vaccination schedules to raise antibody concentrations against epsilon-toxin of Clostridium perfringens in ewes and their triplet lambs. It is commonly identified in fast-growing lambs, typically over one month of age that are consuming high concentrate diets, or sucking ewes. CATTLE DOSAGE: Inject 5 mL subcutaneously or intramuscularly, repeated in 6weeks. Follow label instructions for preslaughter withdrawal times and maintain complete records. She is a pale SILVER GREY w a BLUE MERLE Body n hind quarters. If the second dose is not given to an animal shortly after the first (ideally, within 4-6 weeks) the protection given is short-lived and your money, time and effort has been wasted. GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. John Ball Zoo (JBZ) celebrated the retirement of nine of its senior animals Friday! Jan 4, 2022, 03:38 AM EST Sheep and goats line up in the shape of a syringe in Schneverdingen, Germany, to promote vaccinations against COVID-19. However, he also said that in recent years the disease has become more common in young lambs aged between three-to-10 weeks and finishing lambs of six-to-12 months of age. Administering a clostridial vaccine more than twice per year has been suggested for goats to receive adequate protection. Vaccine handling Depending on weather and level of infestation, a second dose may be needed two weeks later to sufficiently treat the animals. It is important to talk with your veterinarian to determine an effective vaccine schedule for your goats. Those who advise against the 8-in-1 shot say it is little . PDF SMALL RUMINANT VACCINE PROGRAMS - Virginia Tech Not all puppies respond at the same rate to vaccinations. Clostridium perfringens is a group of bacteria commonly infecting the intestine of small ruminants, causing a variety of illnesses often resulting in death. Recommended Vaccine and Health Management Schedule for Sheep and Goats, Clostridium perfringens types C and D and tetanus, SE/vitamin E can help prevent white muscle disease, 300 I.U. Lambs should receive adequate quantities of good quality colostrum within the first two hours of birth. Copyright 2023 Animalytix LLC. College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Respectively, Extension Livestock Specialist, Department of Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources; Superintendent, Corona Range and Livestock Research Center; and Extension Veterinarian, Department of Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources, New Mexico State University. Older sheep and goats who have been properly vaccinated as young animals should only require annual vaccines covering the clostridial (i.e., 8-way) and anti-abortive vaccines (i.e., Vibrio). Tick-borne encephalitis - Wikipedia Eight of the zoo's goats and one sheep . Similarly, any puppy that is considered weak or ill should not use the combination vaccination injection. Vaccination should be scheduled so that pregnant ewes receive their second vaccination or annual booster 2 to 6 weeks before lambing commences in the flock. Always check with your veterinarian before changing your pets diet, medication, or physical activity routines. The key is to get the appropriate dose per animal. 1998 Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). 133705. Sheep and Goat Vaccine and Health Management Schedule Tetanus. overeating disease or pulpy kidney disease) occurs in sheep or goats of any age. The clostridiabacteria are widespread in the environment. Pulpy kidney is the most common clostridial disease encountered in the Regional Veterinary Labs, he said, with 42 confirmed cases in 2014. Local reactions may be observed following subcutaneous administration to cattle. Sheep vaccines: Which to use when? - Local Land Services Estimation of vaccine effects by WHO geographic region. CPN: 1047033.3. haemolyticum repeat the dose every 5 to 6 months. Oyun Sanjaasuren on LinkedIn: 'Warrior spirit' and sheep diplomacy: how An example animal health protocol with corresponding schedule for sheep and goats on range. Protect from freezing. Refrigeration can be accomplished by placing bottles and syringes in a small cooler with ice to keep it chilled. Ewes vaccinated with Clostridium perfringens types C and D and Clostridium tetani (dotted line) had higher blood antibodies to -toxin than ewes un-vaccinated (solid line). The originating document has been archived. There are several clostridial vaccines available; while generally inexpensive, price does increase per dose depending on if a 3-way, 7-way or 8-way toxoid vaccine is administered. Prior to the first several weeks of age, lambs have an immature immune system in which vaccines may have little benefit (Figure 1). Zoetis Ultravac 5 in 1 Vaccine for Sheep & Cattle 500ML - eBay Mike Metzger, Michigan State University Extension - Clostridium perfringens is a group of bacteria commonly infecting the intestine of small ruminants, causing a variety of illnesses often resulting in death. South Dakota State University Extension: May 16, 2022, Parturient Paresis in Sheep and Goats (Milk Fever, Hypocalcemia, Lambing Sickness), Ohio Department of Agriculture Official ID and Premise ID Discussion, Feeding Lambs Frequently Asked Questions, Market Report Offers Insight for Lamb Producers, Pasteurella Pneumonia and Clostridial Disease XLVets Sheep Roadshow 2020. Nave animals 2 weeks or older should be given at least 2 separate clostridial vaccines, followed by annual boosters. Europe has seen frequent outbreaks of Bluetongue (BT) disease since 2006, including an outbreak of BT virus serotype 8 in central France during 2015 that has continued to spread in Europe during 2016. item 4 1 x 2ml Vaccinator VG (V-Grip) SIMCRO Injecting Sheep Cattle PLASTIC TIP vaccine 1 x 2ml Vaccinator VG (V-Grip) SIMCRO Injecting Sheep Cattle PLASTIC TIP vaccine. Avoid sudden feed transitions to prevent drastic changes in the intestinal environment to minimize clostridium issues. Sheep and goat vaccines | Semantic Scholar Therefore, many veterinarians prefer to provide a smaller combination shot (3 shot) with boosters of other vaccinations every three months. Every operation is unique, and it is therefore imperative that producers consult with their veterinarian before establishing a specific vaccination and health protocol. For animals subject to re-exposure to C. novyi Types B or D (C. haemolyticum) repeat the dose every 5 to 6months. Prebreeding vaccines 1. Lambs and kids receive the first vaccine 2 weeks prior to weaning and the second vaccine, booster, at the time of weaning or shortly afterwards. Cattle dosage: Inject 5 mL subcutaneously or intramuscularly, repeated in 6 weeks. This Colorful ALL Female Litter has Sleep Apnea markers n comes from a Service Dog line currently used for Mobility/Balance. Although there are several bacterial types, clostridium perfringens C and D are of especial concern to small ruminants in North America. This form is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Your dog may experience the following adverse reactions after receiving the 8-in-1 shot: fatigue and sleepiness, soreness at the site of the shot, muscle soreness, joint stiffness and low-grade fever. For prevention of Clostridium chauvoei, septicum, novyi, perfringens Types C & D, haemolyticum (bacillary hemoglobinuria/red water) and tetani. One of the best things you can do for your puppy is to get its shots soon after it reaches the 12 week mark and annual boosters thereafter. For Cl. Most labels also indicate that the entire contents of the bottle should be used once opened, so choose a bottle size based on the number of doses needed. Lambs should be given their primary course beginning at 10 to 12 weeks of age. haemolyticum, revaccinate every 5 to 6 months. Lacasta, D., Ferrer, L. M., Ramos, J. J., Gonzlez, J. M., Ortn, A., & Fthenakis, G. C. (2015). NOTICE: PLS We request that U TEXT 7194210612 or info; photo updates. "Insert a 2.5-4cm needle at 60 to the . Figure 1. Enterotoxemia in sheep and goats. Scabigard (scabby mouth)- This is a single dose live vaccine. Wake up sheeple! Shepherd uses her flock to make a point about vaccines COVID-19 vaccine clinic scheduled for March 8 It occurs in tandem with a liver fluke infestation. Sheep & Goat Fencing Shop All. An example animal health protocol with corresponding schedule in a farm flock situation. Despite its common appearance, it remains relatively unharmful unless presented with opportunities to rapidly proliferate, causing a release of toxins. Almost all vaccination programs require two initial doses for it to be effective. Lambs from those same ewes were divided into 3 treatment groups: not vaccinated, vaccinated at 0 and 3 weeks, and vaccinated at 3 and 6 weeks of life. Please choose wisely as Order cancellations incur a 2.5% transaction fee Losses in the flock often coincide with a sudden change in feed or an increase in the plane of nutrition, Fitzgerald said. Clostridial vaccines should be given at least yearly to adult sheep previously vaccinated. Updated: 2023-02-28. Respective University constituents are responsible for reviewing and maintaining up to date information. This is a recipe for disaster. For Cl. Expiration dates and proper storage/handling are important to ensure efficacy. 2023 South Dakota Board of Regents. AU $78.82+ AU $8.00 postage. To maintain a high level of immunity, booster doses are needed at yearly intervals. de la Rosa, C., Hogue, D. E., & Thonney, M. L. (1997). Call 1.605.688.4792 or email sdsu.extension@sdstate.edu, Receive the latest information from SDSU Extension. Clostridial vaccines typically recommend gently shaking the bottle before use. Antidote: Epinephrine. novyi Type B and Cl. By Condobolin District Vet, Dr Hanna Dobell. Enterotoxemia, or overeating disease, is a major cause of death of kids and lambs from shortly after birth through the entire feeding period. Figure 1. novyi Type D), Cl. Vaccination is the most effective way to control both pasteurella and clostridial diseases in sheep, according to the Department of Agriculture's Veterinary Surgeon William Fitzgerald. It a major cause of economic loss in the meat industry due to trimming and condemnation. Manufactured by SCHERING-PLOUGH ANIMAL HEALTH LIMITED, UPPER HUTT, NEW ZEALAND. Va-a-ax: Sheep and goats form a giant syringe to encourage people to 4. The injection vaccinates the dog against seven common, debilitating diseases and rabies. That means protection against IBR, BRSV, PI3, Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica. Manufacturer: Intervet/Merck Animal Health. Administering a clostridial vaccine more than twice per year has been suggested for goats to receive adequate protection. Vaccination schedules to raise antibody concentrations against epsilon-toxin of Clostridium perfringens in ewes and their triplet lambs. The purpose of this publication is to offer a guide in establishing a health management schedule. Clostridial and Pasteurella - Farmacy - Farmacy Anaphylactoid reactions may occur following use. It is important to talk with your veterinarian to determine an effective vaccine schedule for your goats. OJD causes significant production loss. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Using aseptic technique. Read more. Many critics of the 8-in-1 shot believe that all of the vaccines are not necessary and can be more dangerous than helpful. Pasteurella and Mannheimia pneumonias in sheep and goats. 41 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<6FB246B4558F411DB937CC5D084BE6DC><2AAFCF3797A7A445B997C6BB38823785>]/Index[10 56]/Info 9 0 R/Length 129/Prev 112306/Root 11 0 R/Size 66/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream #=6"/_NdiG3P1 Lr%LJbRh&E;s1cN0)QLi-WfS9j9Rj,k'm7.k,pW=u-(wm EIkEEn&Os\Jk/u_g8f yOj2Q8f. Clostridial vaccines can be highly reactive at the vaccination site. perfringens Type B. The vaccine will make men more docile and women more hostile. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Always consult your veterinarian regarding whether a combination vaccination is right for your dog. Dogs or puppies that are not exposed to others may not need all of the vaccinations provided in the 8-in-1. novyi Type B, Cl. Clostridial Abomasitis and Enteritis in Ruminants. Intramuscular injections should be given on the side of the neck, 10-15cm in front of the shoulder in the mid neck area well above the large jugular vein. Hardware Cloth Shop All. Many of the viruses are passed to puppies quite early and with great ease within a kennel or litter and the 8-in-1 can give the puppy and growing dog a fighting chance against these life-threatening diseases. Give cattle 5 ml IM or SQ. Erysipelas is a common cause of arthritis in lambs and young weaned sheep. In a disease outbreak, an anti-toxin could be provided for immediate short-term neutralization of formed toxins. via Associated Press A sheep owner in Germany managed to arrange her animals in the shape of a giant syringe Monday in a stab at convincing her compatriots to get vaccinated against COVID-19. For these reasons, vaccination is the best way to prevent disease outbreaks. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. This product has been tested under laboratory conditions and shown to meet all Federal standards for safety and efficacy. . With a plethora of vaccines on the market, which vaccine should I use is a very common question that we receive. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. (1997) and published in the Journal of Animal Science, 75(9), 2328-2334. Store at 35-45F (2-7C). Call us now for more info about our products on 02 8599 9759. She is a pretty little BLACK TRI. Updated: 2023-02-28. novyi Type B, Cl. T-Posts Shop All. Simpson, K. M., Callan, R. J., & Van Metre, D. C. (2018). Goats may need to be vaccinated at intervals of 3 to 4 . NMSU and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Assessing the potential for Bluetongue virus 8 to spread and You only use this vaccine if you have a history of scabby mouth on your property or have biosecurity concerns. Most livestock vaccine and health management protocols revolve around the animals stage of production. 250 mL Cattle-50 doses. Revaccinate annually with 5 mL prior to periods of extreme risk or parturition. It is a good idea to time this annual booster in your ewe flock 4-6 weeks prior to lambing to obtain optimal levels of maternal antibodies in colostrum to help protect lambs prior to first vaccines. Vaccines, such as the CD&T, should be refrigerated to remain viable, including while vaccinating animals in the barn or pens.