Thank you for visiting oliver cromwell family tree page. [6] Elizabeth was the niece of the wife of his uncle and the daughter of Sir James Bourchier, a successful London leather merchant. Do you think you may be related to Oliver Cromwell? Oliver Cromwell was an army commander in two English civil wars, signed the death sentence for King Charles I, and became Lord Protector of England, Ireland and Scotland.
Karen-Eddy-CT - User Trees - Genealogy.com Listen here. Cromwell's Family, Interceding for the Life of Charles I (oil on canvas), Fisk, William (1796-1872), Bairstow, Harris & Stanford: Choral Works, The Mystery of the Transfiguration: Seven Meditations, A joyful noise: the bells of Westminster Abbey, God, Gratitude and Being at Home in the World, The Challenge of Bioethics to Decision-Making in the UK. To legitimise his position he was keen to establish royal links. These lines were not taken very far by Noble, Waylen and others and have generally not been fully researched. The Cromwell family is an English aristocratic family.Its most famous members are: Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, and Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector.The line of Oliver Cromwell descends from Richard Williams (alias Cromwell), son of Thomas Cromwell's sister Katherine and her husband Morgan Williams.. These lines were not taken very far by Noble, Waylen and others and have generally not been fully researched. Ever since the first book in the series, I have waited for Cat to have a key role in the plot again. Certificates of births, marriages and deaths which occurred in Scotland date back to 1855 and can be accessed via the General Register Office for Scotland at New Register House, 3 West Register Street, Edinburgh. Oliver returned as the MP for Cambridge[7] for both the Short and Long Parliaments. There are many people alive today who are directly descended from Oliver Cromwell, via his son Henry and his daughters Bridget and Frances. In French, o livier means "olive tree." It was later associated with the Latin word oliva, which means "olive." For his second investiture as Protector in 1657 the 14th centuryCoronation Chairwas taken fromWestminster Abbey to Westminster Hall and he sat in this arrayed in royal robes. In 1636 he inherited a substantial amount from his uncle's estate[7], leaving him once again a comfortable member of the gentry. She is living with her daughter Elizabeth Mary Willis in Logan, Cache, Utah) (Christena died on 23 Sep 1946 in Logan, Cache, Utah) A brief history of George Osmond (1836-1913) Photo Bridgeman Art Library. If you are stuck, there are many family history societies as well as local and county records offices who can offer advice and limited assistance and many professional genealogists who (for a fee!)
During the third English Civil War, their commander Oliver Cromwell defeated the forces of Charles Stuart (the future King Charles II) first at Dunbar, and then precisely a year later, at Worcester. He was a quiet backbencher and the following Spring the king dissolved parliament, unhappy with its politics.
A century or so later, James Waylen produced The House of Cromwell and the Story of Dunkirk; first published in 1880, it quickly went through several editions, including an 1897-8 edition edited by John Gabriel Cromwell. The hearse with the effigy was taken in an elaborate procession to the Abbey on 23rd November for the state funeral service. Right here at FameChain.
I was rich in flowers and trees, hummingbirds and honeybees; for my sport the squirrel played; plied the snouted mole his spade; for my taste the blackberry cone purpled over hedge and stone; laughed the brook for my delight through the day and through the night, whispering at the garden wall, talked with me from fall to fall; mine the . in Whitehall, London, England, This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: Oliver CROMWELL (1599), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as today, Cromwell was not a common surname but it was not extremely rare or held exclusively by the family which settled in Cambridgeshire/Huntingdonshire in the sixteenth century and into which Oliver was born in 1599. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. Genealogy for Oliver Cromwell (1775 - 1841) family tree on Geni, with over 245 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Find out more. And receive a free copy of the excellent brief biography of Cromwell by David Horspool, published by Penguin at 4.99, along with the latest copy of our newsletter The Protectors Pen if you join today.
Who Are the Mayflower Descendants? - New England Today We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. MEGHAN Markle's family tree has been revealed as it emerges the American's ancestor studied at Cambridge University and was a friend of Oliver Cromwell. There are also census returns available for 1841, 1851, 1861, 1871, 1881 and 1891.
Oliver cromwell family tree - Genealogy.com Cromwell had nine children, six of whom survived well into adulthood and married.
Why don t Christians believe in Christmas? We encourage you to research and examine these records to . And it also heralds the central plot return of Cat Lovett.
Oliver Cromwell Powell (1794 - 1840) - Genealogy Getting Barbado'ed in 1658 - Babb Unabridged John H Elliott - Empires Of The Atlantic World.pdf - idoc.pub Oliver Cromwell Younghad 10children. Simply finding that you have an ancestor who bore the surname Cromwell does not mean that you are descended from, or even related to, Oliver Cromwell. Skip Ancestry navigation . Many persisted in using Cromwell as a middle name, as the last of two or three Christian names, but it was no more than that a given name, not a true double-barrelled surname. Find out what the new search engine has to offer! Oliver Cromwell in WikiTree view all Immediate Family Dorothy Cromwell mother Richard Cromwell, 2nd Lord Prote. login . tract, "sold at his house in Long Alley in Blackfriars in 1653," entitled "An Echo from Heaven," foretold the restoration of Charles II. Oliver Cromwell had no brothers who survived infancy, but he had seven sisters, at least five of whom are known to have survived into adulthood, married and had children. Login to find your connection. Historical Person Search Search Search Results Results Oliver Cromwell Tice (1886 - 1935) .
PDF Family trees Cromwell - National Portrait Gallery, London Oliver Cromwell (1) : Family tree by Tim DOWLING (tdowling) - Geneanet However, please be aware that neither the Cromwell Collection or its constituent parts nor the Cromwell Association can undertake genealogical work on your behalf or answer individual genealogical enquiries. If not, and the stories of Cromwellian descent therefore appear unproven or unlikely, do not despair, for even if you cannot show that you are a direct descendant of Cromwell, we hope that you will continue to be interested in Cromwells life, career and achievements. Oliver Cromwell, (born April 25, 1599, Huntingdon , Huntingdonshire , Englanddied September 3, 1658, London), English soldier and statesman, who led parliamentary forces in the English Civil Wars and was lord protector of England , Scotland , and Ireland (1653-58) during the republican Commonwealth . oliver cromwell england und europa im 17 jahrhundert. Worcester Art Museum, Massachusetts. Arise Evans, in a 12mo. Oliver cromwell family tree By genealogy.com user December 27, 1998 at 03:48:12. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. PAGANISM: SCANDINAVIAN MYTHOLOGY. Buried: Romsey, England. Research genealogy for Oliver F Cromwell of Maryland, as well as other members of the Cromwell family, on Ancestry. Listen to historians give lectures on Cromwell, the English Civil War and much more, Eminent historians of the period explain why studying Oliver Cromwell is still relevant today. A century or so later, James Waylen produced The House of Cromwell and the Story of Dunkirk; first published in 1880, it quickly went through several editions, including an 1897-8 edition edited by John Gabriel Cromwell. They lived the life of minor gentry in Huntingdon, Oliver becoming Justice of the Peace[7]. Father of Moses Cromwell [Oliver's father is unknown . If there is, many congratulations, for it does seem, therefore, that you are a direct descendant of Oliver Cromwell. Oliver Cromwell was an English general and statesman who led the Parliament of England's armies against King Charles I during the English Civil War and ruled the British Isles as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658. 4 Where did Elizabeth Cromwell live in the 1650s? What are the conflicts in A Christmas Carol? The 1901 census is available online at http://www.census.pro.gov.uk/. This information is part of Stamboom Eykens by Eykens Marc on Genealogy Online. Data charts exist for all entries on these pages. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website.
Elizabeth Hooton: First Quaker Woman Preacher (1600-1672) | Project This page has been accessed 21,619 times. When the Civil War broke out in 1642, Cromwell returned to Cambridge and raised a troop of horse, preventing the Royalists from seizing the silver of the Cambridge colleges[4]. He also felt that it encouraged unproductive behavior such as drunkenness, gambling, and other activities he deemed immoral. After attending Sidney Sussex College Cambridge he married in 1620 Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Bourchier. Cromwell, who was the leader of the Puritan movement, believed that Christmas was a pagan holiday that was incompatible with Christian beliefs. Museo Pedro de Osma, Lima. Research genealogy for Oliver Cromwell Tice of Pennsylvania, as well as other members of the Tice family, on Ancestry. Oliver's father,Robert Cromwell, had five brothers and five sisters, at least seven of whom are known to have survived into adulthood, married and had children. Oliver CromwellThe main entry for Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) in the format of a data chart. However, Olivers remaining three children, his son Henry and his daughters Bridget (from the first of her two marriages) and Frances, established lines which have been traced down to the late nineteenth century and which are known or very likely to continue to this day. The lines descending from Olivers son Richard and his daughter Elizabeth continued for just one generation, for none of their children appear to have had children of their own; thus those two lines quickly became extinct. Born on April 25, 1599
Full details of these and other records centres, together with lots of other information about tracing your family tree, can be found at www.familyrecords.gov.uk. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Who are the children of Oliver and Elizabeth? It does not store any personal data. Elizabeth was buried in Northborough church, Northamptonshire in 1665. But Stuarts still ruled in England and Scotland, for William was the son of Charles II's sister Mary, and his wife Mary was James II's elder daughter. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Cromwell had nine children, six of whom survived well into adulthood and married. As with any good genealogical research, if you discover a link to your own family tree, consider it a starting point for further research. After his death his son Richard, who had little interest in politics, gave up the government and lived abroad. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Family trees as represented within the Gallery's catalogued collections Cromwell Richard Cromwell (1626-1712) Lord Protector of England Robert Cromwell (died 1617) Father of Oliver Cromwell Henry Cromwell (1628-1674) Son of Oliver Crowell and statesman Bridget Fleetwood (ne Cromwell) (1624-1662) Daughter of Oliver Cromwell Elizabeth . These certificates date back to 1837 in England and Wales and can be accessed via The Family Records Centre (run jointly by the Public Record Office and the General Register Office) at 1 Myddleton Street, London. . The four-year-old, who was also named Oliver, could not resist the temptation to look at his uncle's guests again, although he was repeatedly warned not to get confused under his feet. In the middle of this he had time to sign the death warrant for King Charles in 1649. Good luck with your search we hope that it runs smoothly and proves fruitful.
Oliver Cromwell Family Tree (26557) - Famous Kin Oliver Cromwell KB (1563 - 1655) So on 26th January 1661 Cromwell and Ireton were removed and taken to the Red Lion Inn at Holborn, where they were joined a few days later by Bradshaw's coffin (the delay was caused by the fact that Bradshaw's body had not been embalmed like the others and smelt badly). Given name has also been reported to be Oliverus. [1] This biography focuses on his family, for a fuller description of his military and political career please see his Wikipedia entry. Research genealogy for Oliver Cromwell Caszatt of Lincoln, Isabella, Michigan, USA, as well as other members of the Caszatt family, on Ancestry. This information is part of Voornaeme Geslachte en Eenvoudige Luyde by Lucas van Heeren on Genealogy Online. Tracing your line back to the mid Victorian period should not prove very difficult in most cases, as modern records are plentiful and easily accessed.
Hourglass chart of John Millins - Whos Your Daddy? Wikigenealogy He took the surviving lines down to his own day and the account is more or less comprehensive down to the 1860s or a little beyond; in some of the later editions, a few additional births, marriages and deaths which had occurred during the 1870s and 1880s are noted. Sysoon enables anyone to create a free online tribute . Family Tree Maker user home page for Karen-Eddy-CT. FORUM ARTICLES SEARCH. A modern incised inscriptionrecords allthe names of those re-buried in the churchyard, including Henry, Elizabeth and Jane,on thebase of thetowernear the west entrance ofSt Margaret's. Oliver was most popular and beloved. x ILLUSTRATIONS
Tracing links to Cromwell olivercromwell.org We are sorry, but we simply do not have the time and resources to undertake genealogical work or to respond to individual genealogical enquiries. Oliver St. John of Bradfordshire, Chief Justice of England under Cromwell, and a cousin of Cromwell . 12 July 1529) m. Morgan Williams (died bef. All of the sources referred to here are available for study in the Cromwell Collection. If you need further help and advice, most counties and many towns have their own family history societies or equivalent, which can generally be found quickly and easily on the web. A debate between Professor Ronald Hutton (University of Bristol) and Professor John Morrill (University of Cambridge) which took place in October 2021 as part of an event which focussed on Cromwells letters and speeches. This is a pedigree chart for Oliver [Cromwell-1416]. Oliver Cromwell Young Born 26 Jan 1825 in Pennsylvania, United States Son of [father unknown] and [mother unknown] [sibling (s) unknown] Husband of Margaret (Rankin) Young married 16 Sep 1847 in Manavon, Chester, Pennsylvania, United States Descendants If you have links to the Cromwell family that are verified by the information given on these pages, and have a web site that shows the connection, please do forward a link that we can consider for inclusion. Stephen Hopkins John Howland Degory Priest Thomas Rogers Henry Samson George Soule Myles Standish Richard Warren William White Edward Winslow Being of Mayflower descent is certainly a badge of honor in New England, where we value deep roots. Oliver Cromwell had no brothers who survived infancy, but he had seven sisters, at least five of whom are known to have survived into adulthood, married and had children. Certificates of births, marriages and deaths which occurred in Scotland date back to 1855 and can be accessed via the General Register Office for Scotland at New Register House, 3 West Register Street, Edinburgh. It is always preferable to locate primary records where possible. They had nine children together, the first of these, Robert, being born the year after the marriage. Oliver Cromwell was an English general and statesman who led the Parliament of England's armies against King Charles I during the English Civil War and ruled the British Isles as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658. what is oliver cromwell best known for answers. The Battle of Dunbar, September 1650, was one of Oliver Cromwell's greatest victories.He defeated a Scottish Army commanded by David Leslie which was loyal to King Charles II.
Oliver Cromwell Tice 1886-1935 - Ancestry Listen here, Details of our 2023 research grant can be downloaded here.
Oliver Cromwell KB (1563-1655) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree Oliver Cromwell, (born April 25, 1599, Huntingdon , Huntingdonshire , Englanddied September 3, 1658, London), English soldier and statesman, who led parliamentary forces in the English Civil Wars and was lord protector of England , Scotland , and Ireland (165358) during the republican Commonwealth . Oliver Cromwell had no brothers who survived infancy, but he had seven sisters, at least five of whom are known to have survived into adulthood, married and had children. Historical Person Search Search Search Results Results Oliver Elmer Pitts (1883 - 1956) . He became a Puritan and came to prominence while serving in the Parliamentary army fighting against the Royalists. Please help us to continue to our work by making a donation toThe Cromwell Association using PayPal. The family is living in Afton, Lincoln, Wyoming) (In 1930 Amelia is aged 67. The information and guidance given here should enable you to begin and undertake your own research. His son Richard succeeded him as Lord Protector. It remained until the fall of the Protectorate and abdication of Richard Cromwell in May 1659 when it was broken up.
The Heraldry of The OByrnes | PDF | Heraldry | Ireland Cromwell, Bridget Fleetwood, Bridget Cromwell, Richard Cromwell, Henry Cromwell, Elizabeth Claypoole, Mary Belasyse, Frances Russell, Fra Apr 25 1599 - Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, Sep 3 1658 - Whitehall, Westminster, Middlesex, Frances Cromwell, Mary Cromwell, Bridget Cromwell, Apr 25 1599 - St. John's Parish, Huntingdonshire Gb, Elizabeth Cromwell, Bridget Cromwell, Henry Cromwell, Frances Cromwell, Apr 25 1599 - Huntington, Huntingdonshire, England, Sir Robert Williams Cromwell, Elizabeth Stewart, Elizabeth Cromwell, Henry B. Cromwell, Catherine Cromwell, Margaret Cromwell, Anna Cromwell, Jane Cromwell, Robert Cromwell, Robina Cromwell, ll, Oliver Cromwell, Bridget Cromwell, Richard Cromwell, Henry Cromwell, Elizabeth Cromwell, James Cromwell, Mary Cromwell, Frances Cromwell, Cause of death: Malaria - Sep 3 1658 - Whitehall, ell, Henry Cromwell, Robert Cromwell, Joan Cromwell, Elizabeth Cromwell, Catherine Cromwell, Margaret Cromwell, Anna Cromwell, Jane Cromwell, Elizabeth Claypole, Mary Cromwell, Countess Fauconberg, Robert Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell, Bridget Cromwell, Frances Cromwell, James Cromwell, Sep 3 1658 - Westminster, United Kingdom, Whitehall, United Kingdom, Richard Cromwell, Bridget Cromwell, Mary Cromwell Countess Fauconberg, Elizabeth Claypole, Henry Cromwell, Frances Cromwell, Apr 25 1599 - Huntington, Herefordshire, England, Robert de Williams Cromwell, Elizabeth Stewart, Margaret Cromwell, Elizabeth Cromwell, Robina Cromwell, Henry B Cromwell, Richard Cromwell, Apr 25 1599 - Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England, Robert Williams i Cromwell, Elizabeth Stewart, Apr 25 1599 - St John's Parish, Huntingdonshire, Cambridgeshire, England, Sep 3 1658 - Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England, Robert Williams Cromwell, Elizabeth Stewart. For example a selective pedigree was included within the Victoria County History of Huntingdonshire and in a work privately published in 1964 Lieutenant-Colonel L Cromwell reconstructed Some Pedigrees of the House of Cromwell. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Thus if you think you may be descended, not directly from Oliver Cromwell himself, but from another member of his family, you will have a lot more work to do, for you will need to trace your own ancestry back to seventeenth century to see if you can link in with the Cromwell family of Cambridgeshire/Huntingdonshire from which Oliver sprang. Oliver was knighted by Queen Elizabeth 1598. He was married to Maria (Maeyken) Cornelissen, they had 7 children. Allrightsreserved. Connect to the World Family Tree to find out.
Are there any descendants of Oliver Cromwell alive today? Have you taken a DNA test? Simply finding that you have an ancestor who bore the surname Cromwell does not mean that you are descended from, or even related to, Oliver Cromwell. Lincoln Castle Gateway: 78: Original drawing by Ethel Barringer. In 1628, not yet 30, Oliver was elected MP for Huntingdon[7]. got your result, Oliver Cromwell Family Tree You Should Check It, Dragging Canoe Family Tree Check All Members List, Carnegie Family Tree With Complete Detail. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. 1585) 1st m. Sir John Shelton (1559 1606); 2nd m. Thomas Fitzhughes, Lady Mary Cromwell (died 1676) m. William FitzHerbert (1624/29 1597), (2) Frances Cromwell (15951662) m. Sir John Wingfield (ca. Oliver Cromwell was born in Huntingdonshire, England. Accounts of the Quartering of the English Army (Oliver Cromwell's Army) upon the Burgh of Dunbar, 1650-51. It is also important to keep in mind that the male line of Oliver Cromwells family held and employed the surname Cromwell for only a few generations. The family tree for Oliver Cromwell is still in progress. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as today, Cromwell was not a common surname but it was not extremely rare or held exclusively by the family which settled in Cambridgeshire/Huntingdonshire in the sixteenth century and into which Oliver was born in 1599. The family line continued through Richard Williams, alias Cromwell, (c. 15001544), Henry Williams, alias Cromwell, (c. 15246 January 1604), then to Oliver's father Robert Cromwell (c. 15601617), who married Elizabeth Steward (c. 15641654) on the day of Oliver Cromwell's birth. 1564 - 1654). . The name Oliver is derived from the old Norse name leifr, meaning "ancestor's descendent." Introduced by the Normans to England, the name also has roots in France. A small modern stone records hisbrief burial: By Royal Warrant of 9th September 1661 the bodies of Oliver's motherElizabeth,who had died on 18th November 1654, and his sisterJane(wife of Major General John Desborough), who died in 1656, together with other regicides who had been interred in the Abbey since 1641, were also removed but this time the bodies were thrown in a pit in the churchyard of St Margaret's Westminster, adjoining the Abbey. Listen here, Details of our 2023 research grant can be downloaded here. 1560 1617) m. Elizabeth Steward (ca. A debate between Professor Ronald Hutton (University of Bristol) and Professor John Morrill (University of Cambridge) which took place in October 2021 as part of an event which focussed on Cromwells letters and speeches. The Jewish/Puritan alliance was born in a rejection of the Cross and all it stood for, and substitution of King David or Simon bar Kokhba or Shabbetai Zevi or Oliver Cromwell or Napoleon Bonaparte as an alternative to the suffering Christ. Plot #64214062. A blog about Ohio County, Kentucky: family histories; biographies; photographs; newspaper articles; genealogy information. Your local town or county record office may also be able to help or to offer advice. View Sir Oliver Cromwell's Family Tree and History, Ancestry and Genealogy Sir Oliver Cromwell's parents: Sir Oliver Cromwell's father was Sir Henry Williams, aka Cromwell Sir Oliver Cromwell's mother was Joan Williams, aka Cromwell Sir Oliver Cromwell's siblings: Sir Oliver Cromwell's brother was Robert Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree The first to attempt to do so in a fairly systematic way was Mark Noble. Family Tree Maker user home page for Karen-Eddy-CT. FORUM ARTICLES SEARCH. Current members can renew their annual membership here. In the Second Civil War starting in 1648 he commanded the entire army. Thomas Cromwell's sister Katherine had married a Welsh lawyer, Morgan Williams. He took the surviving lines down to his own day and the account is more or less comprehensive down to the 1860s or a little beyond; in some of the later editions, a few additional births, marriages and deaths which had occurred during the 1870s and 1880s are noted. Only Oliver's favourite daughterElizabeth Claypole, who died on 6th August 1658, still lies in the Abbey, as her vault was in a different part of the chapel and was not found at the time the others were being dis-interred. His finances failed and he sold his property in Huntingdon and moved to a farm near Ely, which he worked for the next five years, struggling both with depression and his awakening religious convictions[7]. the life of oliver cromwell historic uk. If it appears that you are not directly descended from Oliver Cromwell himself, it may, of course, be possible that you are descended from another member of his close family, such as one of his sisters or aunts or uncles.
On Heroes, Hero-worship, and the Heroic in History, by Thomas Carlyle Famous Descendants MayflowerHistory.com President John Quincy Adams President John Adams John Adams Hannah Bass Ruth Alden JOHN ALDEN President Zachary Taylor Richard Taylor Elizabeth Lee Sarah Allerton Isaac Allerton Fear Brewster WILLIAM BREWSTER Oliver Cromwell's Star Hour.<br>#<br>It was the third day in the palace of Oliver Cromwell in Hinchingbrook was a feast. How chemistry is important in our daily life? Although it contains a number of errors, Noble provided the foundations for much later work. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Find out about Oliver Cromwell's family tree, family history, ancestry, ancestors, genealogy, relationships and affairs! Please help us to continue to our work by making a donation toThe Cromwell Association using PayPal. Listen to historians give lectures on Cromwell, the English Civil War and much more, Eminent historians of the period explain why studying Oliver Cromwell is still relevant today.
oliver cromwell history and biography. If not, see our friends at Ancestry DNA. He finished the conflict by defeating the English Royalists in 1648, the Irish in 1649, the Scots in 1650 and finally the young Charles II at Worcester in 1651. Biography Username and password are case sensitive. Cromwell's head is believed to be buried at Sidney Sussex College. Going backwards from Oliver, his great-great-grandfather held the surname Williams he was born Morgan Williams. You can then see whether there is an overlap with, and link to, the Victorian generations of Cromwells descendants shown here. He was uncle and god-father to famed Oliver, Lord Protector. On his deathbed Oliver may have designated Richard as his successor; Oliver died on Sept. 3, 1658, and Richard was immediately proclaimed lord protector.