This work was supported by grants from the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council (NMF, WH, SB, EV, ACG [Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; MR/R015600/1], DDA, AMP [MC/UU/00002/11], and SRS [MC/UU/00002/10]); Medical Research Council UKRIDepartment of Health and Social Care National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) COVID-19 rapid response call (NMF, SB [MR/V038109/1], TN, AC, DDA, and AMP [MC/PC/19074]); the NIHR Health Protection Units in: Modelling and Health Economics (NMF, WH, SB, EV, AC, and ACG [NIHR200908]), Behavioural Science and Evaluation (AC and DDA), and Respiratory Infections (JLB); Wellcome Trust (SFunk and SA [210758/Z/18/Z]); philanthropic funding from Community Jameel (NMF, WH, SB, and EV); and the UKRI Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (SFlax [EP/V002910/2]). Vaccinated patients during the Delta wave were 37% (over with two doses), while during the Omicron wave they were 57%. We further classified vaccination status by the trimester within which the second dose or the unique dose (for those who received only one dose) was received. Pregnant women were excluded because their reasons for hospital admission (4) might differ from those for nonpregnant persons. On 13 December, Denmark released data showing that hospitalization rates for people infected with Omicron seemed to be on a par with those for people infected with other variants. Image, Download Hi-res * Data are from a weighted sample of hospitalized nonpregnant adults with completed medical record abstractions and a discharge disposition. Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed the primary series and received an additional or booster dose on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after completion of the primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, because COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). To ensure stability and reliability of rates by vaccination status, data are presented beginning 14 days after at least 5% of the age group-specific population of the COVID-NET surveillance catchment area has received an additional or booster dose.
Kids' low COVID-19 vaccination rates called a 'gut punch' Vaccination status (unvaccinated, receipt of a primary series only, or receipt of a primary series plus a booster or additional dose) was determined for individual hospitalized patients and for the catchment population using state immunization information systems data (2). It is possible that this practice may have led to some misclassification of the outcome, and we were unable to assess whether this misclassification was differential between vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers. Age was the most important risk factor for COVID-19 death (eg, HR, 31.3 for an 80-year-old vs a 50-year-old). 1). During the period of Omicron predominance, hospitalization rates increased most sharply among Black adults in the United States relative to all other racial and ethnic groups examined and reached the highest rate observed among all racial and ethnic groups since the beginning of the pandemic. Omicron is super infectious, and about 20% of people in the United States over the age of 5 as well as all children under 5 remain unvaccinated. CDC is not responsible for the content
By the end of December, Omicron made up 58% of all cases in the US, per Our World in Data, but Delta is thought to cause more severe disease and more hospitalizations than Omicron on average. Corresponding author: Christopher A. Taylor, iyq3@cdc.gov. All analyses were conducted using SAS software, v9.4. We thank staff at UKHSA and members of the UK Government SPI-M committee and the UKHSA Variant Technical Group for valuable discussions. Acosta AM, Garg S, Pham H, et al. N. Engl. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Most mothers (1032 of 1138) who received only one dose received the vaccine during the third trimester. Suggested citation for this article: Taylor CA, Whitaker M, Anglin O, et al. *** LTCF residents include hospitalized adults who were identified as residents of a nursing home/skilled nursing facility, rehabilitation facility, assisted living/residential care, long-term acute care hospital, group/retirement home, or other LTCF upon hospital admission. We calculated vaccine effectiveness (VE) as 100% multiplied by 1HR. Sign up for notifications from Insider! Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Pfizer and BioNTech Submit for U.S. Emergency Use Authorization of In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:108893. Nursing home residents have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19; older age, comorbidities, and the congregate nature of nursing homes place residents at higher risk for infection and severe COVID-19-associated outcomes . Nat Commun 14, 894 (2023). A previous study conducted before the Omicron-predominant period that showed increased risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization among certain racial and ethnic groups, including Black adults, and suggested the increased hospitalization rates were likely multifactorial and could include increased prevalence of underlying medical conditions, increased community-level exposure to and incidence of COVID-19, and poor access to health care in these groups (7). China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. and/or the original MMWR paper copy for printable versions of official text, figures, and tables. Voysey, M., Pollard, A. J., Sadarangani, M. & Fanshawe, T. R. Prevalence and decay of maternal pneumococcal and meningococcal antibodies: a meta-analysis of type-specific decay rates. About half of long-COVID patients who were on sick leave at 4 months were still on sick leave at 2 years. COVID-NET conducts population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19associated hospitalizations in 99 counties across 14 states. COVID-19associated hospitalizations are those occurring among residents of a predefined surveillance catchment area who have a positive real-time reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or rapid antigen detection test result for SARS-CoV-2 during hospitalization or the 14 days preceding admission. Using Cox regression, the effectiveness of 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine received during pregnancy was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66, 93), 62% (CI: 39, 77) and 56% (CI: 34,71) during months 02, 04 and 0- 6 of a childs life, respectively, in the Delta variant period. Google Scholar. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, the proportion of cases in non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders also increased, whereas the proportion in all other racial and ethnic groups decreased. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. After adjusting for covariates, vaccination during pregnancy significantly reduced the risk of the infant testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66, 93) during the first 2 months of life, 62% (95% CI: 39, 77) during the first 4 months of life and 56% (95% CI: 34,71) during the first 6 months of life. Rep. 70, 895899 (2021). the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Mortal. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Rep. 71, 2630 (2022). 189, 13791388 (2020). BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in a nationwide mass vaccination setting. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Ferdinands, J. M. et al. Percentages presented were weighted to account for the probability of selection for sampled cases (3). Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Data among adults over 50 showed that a booster shot gave even stronger protection. Percentages presented for demographic characteristics are weighted column percentages. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. These findings are consistent with the diminishing of pregnancy-derived antibodies in infants over time22. These data should be taken with a grain of salt. J. Buchan, S. A. et al. E. & Klein, N. P. Effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy to prevent infant pertussis. Sect. J. Med. For children whose mothers received one dose before pregnancy and two doses during pregnancy, VE against infection was 89% during the first 2 months of life, 73% during the first 4 months of life, and 48% up to 6 months of life. Like influenza and Tdap vaccines15,16, data suggest that vaccination during pregnancy may protect infants who are not old enough to be vaccinated against COVID-19. As of January 26, 2022, 39.6% of Black persons received a primary vaccine series; of those, 43.9% of adults received a booster dose once eligible. Our primary cohort analysis used calendar days as the underlying scale to ensure that we compared infants of vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers on the same calendar days because vaccination status during pregnancy and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection varied over the study period. Mortal. The rates don't account for non-vaccine-related risks, Mark Jit, professor of vaccine epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine told Insider in an email. We examined the effectiveness of maternal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection in 30,311 infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from December 15, 2020, to May 31, 2022. Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during the Omicron period than during Delta. TN and NMF validated the data. The objective of this study was to further evaluate the effectiveness of at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants during the first 2, 4, and 6 months of life during the Delta and Omicron variant periods. Wkly. Rep. 69, 10811088 (2020). Without the vaccines many more people would likely be in hospital. Introduction: A rapid increase in COVID-19 cases due to the spread of the Delta and Omicron variants in vaccinated populations has raised concerns about the hospitalization risk associated with, and the effectiveness of, COVID-19 vaccines. 552a; 44 U.S.C. MB), Help with As infants aged, protection provided by maternal vaccination decreased during both periods. The final study population included 30311 (48.8%) infants who were KPNC members at least 2 months after birth. Trends in disease severity and health care utilization during the early Omicron variant period compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 high transmission periodsUnited States, December 2020January 2022. Three recent epidemiological studies found that vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants during their first 4 months of life and a reduced risk of hospitalization during the first 5 months of life17,18,19.
COVID Data Tracker Weekly Review | CDC Another explanation is the presence of a high COVID-19 vaccination rate among studied individuals (more than two-thirds), which is supported by the finding that the majority of patients had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 prior to undergoing vaccination. American Academy of Pediatrics. Coinciding with Omicron variant predominance, COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults increased in late December 2021 and peaked in January 2022; rates increased more among Black adults relative to rates among adults of other racial and ethnic groups. COVID-19 incidence and death rates among unvaccinated and fully vaccinated adults with and without booster doses during periods of Delta and Omicron variant emergence25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4December 25, 2021. N. Engl. Dagan, N. et al. Over the entire study period, the crude rate of hospitalization with a SARS-CoV-2 positive test was lower during the first 6 months of life among infants whose mothers received at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy compared with infants whose mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy (21/100,000 PY vs. 100/100,000 PY). As Omicron spread in the US, hospitalization rates in December were much lower for the vaccinated. The proportion of hospitalized adults who received booster or additional doses increased from 1.3% during the Delta-predominant period to 13.4% during the Omicron-predominant period (p<0.01)***; among these, 10.7% were long-term care facility residents and 69.5% had an immunosuppressive condition. Black adults accounted for 25.2% of all unvaccinated persons hospitalized during the Delta-predominant period; that proportion increased by 23%, to 31.0% during the Omicron-predominant period.
COVID-19 hospitalizations look different in the Omicron wave, and NMF, MC, GD, DDA, AMP, and ST supervised the work. These persons are excluded from the proportions of race/ethnicity but are included in other analyses. All other authors declare no competing interests. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in preventing COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among nonimmunocompromised children and adolescents aged 5-17 yearsVISION Network, 10 states, April 2021-January 2022. The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia, The Lancet Regional Health Western Pacific, 36-fold higher estimate of deaths attributable to red meat intake in GBD 2019: is this reliable? Objectives To develop and implement a scoring tool to identify COVID-19 patients that are at risk for severe illness during the Omicron wave. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine. Shimabukuro, T. T. et al. Rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among those who had received a booster or additional dose. 384, 22732282 (2021). Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. In this large study which included >30,000 infants, we found that receipt of at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of infants testing SARS-CoV-2 positive during their first 6 months of life. Zerbo, O. et al. Vaccinations were limited only to those received during pregnancy. Additional recommendations followed and data availability on booster-dose status varies by age because not all age groups were recommended by ACIP to receive booster doses at the same time. All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. Method: This case-control study aims to determine the hospitalization risk associated with the inactivated BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer . But the average . While this proportion might not be representative of the proportion of vaccinated pregnant women within KPNC because of our exclusion criteria, more efforts are needed to promote COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant persons because vaccination provides protection to mothers and their infants until they are old enough to receive their own COVID-19 vaccines. Cohen-Stavi, C. J. et al. part 46, 21 C.F.R. JAMA Netw. Over the entire study period, the incidence of hospitalization for COVID-19 was lower during the first 6 months of life among infants of vaccinated mothers compared with infants of unvaccinated mothers (21/100,000 person-years vs. 100/100,000 person-years). However, protection estimates greater than 90% might be too high if individuals with a previous infection were more likely than those without one to come forward for a test for reasons other than suspicion of COVID-19. Hospitalization rates and characteristics of children aged <18 years hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-July 25, 2020. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Variances were estimated using Taylor series linearization method. The report shows people catching Omicron are: 31% to 45% less likely to go to A&E. 50% to 70% less likely to be admitted to hospital for treatment. Hospitalization rates among non-Hispanic Black adults increased more than rates in other racial/ethnic groups. MMWR and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are service marks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Department of Health and Human Services. ***** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI=2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before a positive for SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. National influenza and COVID-19 surveillance report: 27 January 2022 (week 4). These results suggest that in addition to providing protection against testing positive, vaccination during pregnancy also provides protection against hospitalization (severe disease) in infants during their first 6 months of life as previously reported recently18,19. Morb. We calculated VE as 100% multiplied by 1- OR. N. Engl. Additional limitations include the inability to estimate the effectiveness of vaccines received prior to pregnancy onset. Among all adults, relative to the Delta-predominant period, COVID-19related illness was the primary reason for admission for a smaller percentage of hospitalizations (87.5% versus 95.5%, p<0.01), and median length of stay was shorter (4 versus 5 days, p<0.01) during the Omicron-predominant period; during this period, the proportion of patients admitted to an intensive care unit, who received invasive mechanical ventilation, and who died in-hospital decreased significantly (all p<0.01). Slider with three articles shown per slide. Delahoy MJ, Whitaker M, OHalloran A, et al. New federal data shows adults who received the updated shots cut their risk of being hospitalized with . Percentages presented for the overall number are weighted row percentages. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1 The company also said full results of its 2,250-person study confirmed the pill's promising early results against the virus: The drug reduced combined hospitalizations and deaths by about 89. New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that hospitalization rates were much lower among those who were vaccinated even as Omicron was sweeping the nation. In King County, Wash., which includes Seattle, unvaccinated people were 13 times more likely to be hospitalized for coronavirus since December than people who were fully vaccinated. Klein, N. P. et al. Halasa, N. B. et al. TN, NMF, SB, EV, SRS, DDA, and AMP developed the methodology. Cite this article. Am. Evaluation of the relative virulence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Several conditions, including cancer of the blood or bone marrow and dementia, were associated with HRs greater than 3. Compared with the Delta-predominant period, the proportion of unvaccinated hospitalized Black adults increased during the Omicron-predominant period. Sect. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. https://doi.org . Morb. Users are referred to the electronic PDF version (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr)
We conducted secondary sensitivity analyses restricting the population to infants who received at least one SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. What are the implications for public health practice? The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Iuliano AD, Brunkard JM, Boehmer TK, et al. We were not able to evaluate more detailed measures of relative clinical severity in hospitalised patients (such as intensive care unit admittance), but our finding that estimated severity reductions comparing omicron with delta are larger for more severe endpoints (death and hospital admission versus hospital attendance) agrees with observations that the proportion of hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care or mechanical ventilation (or both) has been substantially lower during the omicron wave in England than the preceding delta wave. Children born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from December 15, 2020, through May 31, 2022. Ann Intern Med 2021;174:140919. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in calculations but are included in previous weeks. Two new observational studies suggest that COVID-19 vaccination lowers long-COVID incidence and severity. However, vaccination during pregnancy was less effective at protecting infants against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron period. Pediatr. Adults who completed a primary vaccination series were persons who had received the second dose of a 2-dose COVID-19 vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose product 14 days before a positive SARS-CoV-2 test associated with their hospitalization but received no booster or additional dose. During the study period, the omicron variant experienced a rapidly increasing incidence, whereas the delta variant was experiencing a decreasing or less rapidly increasing incidence. Accessed March 10, 2022. To obtain
[PDF] Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Case Incidence Rates Among The average death rate among Americans over age 65 who contract the flu has ranged between 1 in 75 and 1 in 160 in recent years, according to the C.D.C. CDC graphs show in detail the protection vaccines gave from hospitalization. Effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines in ambulatory and inpatient care settings. Mortal. Surveillance officers abstracted data on sampled patients from medical charts. All HTML versions of MMWR articles are generated from final proofs through an automated process. During Omicron predominance, children aged <6 months accounted for 44% of hospitalizations among children ages 04 years3. The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. Spontaneous abortion following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Black adults accounted for a higher percentage of hospitalizations during the Omicron-predominant period (26.7%) than during the Delta-predominant period (22.2%, p = 0.05). Data were available for researchers who meet the criteria for access to Kaiser Permanente Northern California confidential data. Beginning the week of December 1925, 2021, the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) became the predominant circulating variant in the United States (i.e., accounted for >50% of sequenced isolates). 385, 13551371 (2021). CDC twenty four seven. Persons who received no doses of any COVID-19 vaccine were considered unvaccinated. Characteristics and maternal and birth outcomes of hospitalized pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 13 states, March 1August 22, 2020. Models were adjusted for the covariates listed above. The group raised concerns about a small number of Guillain-Barre syndrome cases in vaccine recipients and wanted more data, especially on efficacy in those at highest risk. Association of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Blakeway, H. et al. Vaccine 35, 58505857 (2017). Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles are deeply flawed. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday.