which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality? which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?

Cats were food deprived the night before the experimental procedure was to occur. A cognitive-behavioral therapist would MOST likely recommend: What is this therapy? First, the id is the impulsive part that expresses our sexual and aggressive instincts. a. existential To address this unique factor, culture-sensitive therapies have been developed and include increasing the therapists awareness of cultural values, hardships, stressors, and/or prejudices faced by their client; the identification of suppressed anger and pain; and raising the clients self-worth (Prochaska & Norcross, 2013). Clarify how gender factors affect mental illness. 2.4: The Sociocultural Model - Social Sci LibreTexts Divorce or the death of a spouse can lead to anxiety disorders. Schemas and cognitive errors. Postconditioning, or after learning has occurred, establishes a new and not naturally occurring relationship of a conditioned stimulus (CS; previously the NS) and conditioned response (CR; the same response). According to psychoanalysts, if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced: a. repression. 134. c. helping the client gain insight into his or her unconscious desires and needs. The axon sends signals/information to neighboring neurons while the dendrites, which resemble little trees, receive information from neighboring neurons. First, libido is the psychic energy that drives a person to pleasurable thoughts and behaviors. I'm here for you." Though not neurons, glial cells play an important part in helping the nervous system to be the efficient machine that it is. You are doing your best. a. religion causes people to deal better with the challenges of life. Individuals in this situation are unsure of what they feel, value, or need leading to dysfunction and the need for therapy. A theorist who believes that someone who is labeled a hard worker will, in fact, become a hard worker is MOST likely a(n) _____ theorist. The brain. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) _____ therapist. Types include habituation, or when we simply stop responding to repetitive and harmless stimuli in our environment such as a fan running in your laptop as you work on a paper, and sensitization, or when our reactions are increased due to a strong stimulus, such as an individual who experienced a mugging and now panics when someone walks up behind him/her on the street. Which statement about couple therapy is MOST accurate? She works very hard to do things that other people would like and to make people like her. Evaluate the usefulness of the cognitive model. Integrative behavioral couple therapy helps partners: a. accept behaviors that they cannot change. Figure 2.2. 86. When I was about eight years old, I would walk up the street in my neighborhood, saying, Im Chicken Little and you cant hurt me. Most ignored me, but some gave me the attention I was seeking, a positive reinforcer. 155. a. modeling. The earlier that treatment begins, the more effective it can be., https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/men-and-mental-health/index.shtml, In relation to women: Some disorders are more common in women such as depression and anxiety. The ego has a challenging job to fulfill, balancing both the will of the id and the superego, and the overwhelming anxiety and panic this creates. More on that over the next two sections. d. modifying the clients negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. 117. In a general sense, a model is defined as a representation or imitation of an object (dictionary.com). The last part of the personality to develop is the superego, which represents societys expectations, moral standards, rules, and represents our conscience. c. Two-thirds of treated couples achieve marital satisfaction by the end of therapy. We describe these as primary and secondary reinforcers and punishers. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive-behavioral c. humanistic-existential d. biological. To effectively treat a mental disorder, we must understand its cause. In the case of borderline personality disorder, many people report experiencing traumatic life events such as abandonment, abuse, unstable relationships or hostility, and adversity during childhood. We then discussed biological, psychological, and sociocultural models of abnormality. Notice how the line has dropped below -70mV. We then discussed biological, psychological, and sociocultural models of abnormality. Outline the structure of personality and how it develops over time. SAD occurs with greater frequency for those living far north or south from the equator (Melrose, 2015). In this family, the children are also discouraged from asking for advice or seeking support. Gambling disorder is a manifestation of the previously desirable behavior of being a risk taker. a. quaternary b. secondary c. tertiary d. meta. 126. a. short-term psychodynamic therapy b. psychoanalysis c. traditional psychodynamic therapy d. relational psychoanalytic therapy. First, consider the list of side effects given for psychotropic medications. This person is an A student but does not like being right under the nose of the professor, especially if he/she tends to spit when lecturing. Would you want notes from the student in the front or back of the class? In the past, we have conducted trephination and lobotomies, neither of which are used today. a. behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 6. d. The receiving neurons stop all firing. b. exposure therapy. Proponents of the biological model view mental illness as being a result of a malfunction in the body to include issues with brain anatomy or chemistry. b. give insightful interpretations of the clients statements. 76. David Rosenhan sent pseudopatients to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. This is in accord with what Freud called: a. reflex. This is an example of: a. shaping. What we would call conscience is MOST like what Freud would call the: a. defense mechanism. According to psychoanalytic theory, which statement is TRUE about dreams? The disadvantages should outweigh the advantages and help you to end the struggle and accept what is unknown. abnormality, also known as mental disorders, psychiatric diagnoses, or, more broadly, psychopathology. However, keep in mind that we do not model everything we see. The biological model of psychology says that psychological disorders are caused by biological problems. This is called observational learning and is contrasted with enactive learning, which is learning by doing. She published many short stories; a play called Womens Rights, in which she criticized the economic and sexual exploitation of women; and wrote a book in 1900 called The Jewish Problem in Galicia, in which she blamed the poverty of the Jews of Eastern Europe on their lack of education. They were more likely to have suspect genetic variation at the same four chromosomal sites. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: a. denial. c. superego. Once the information has been interpreted, commands are sent out, telling the body how to respond (Step E), also via the peripheral nervous system. Outline respondent conditioning and the work of Pavlov and Watson. The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories: The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? With which type of schedule would you expect a person to stop responding to immediately if reinforcement is not there? b. self-actualization. d. show unconditional positive regard for the clients statements. Chief among these are neurotransmitter imbalances. There is no need to learn it again, as in the case of primary reinforcers and punishers in operant conditioning. 41. d. cognitive-behavioral. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of: a. schizophrenia. Individuals who are in a long-term relationship. Please note that a person may become fixated at any stage, meaning they become stuck, thereby affecting later development and possibly leading to abnormal functioning, or psychopathology. Similarly, the overproduction of the hormone melatonin can lead to SAD. First, consider the topic of social cognition or the process of collecting and assessing information about others. 163. c. deep brain stimulation. d. fixation at a lower level of ego functioning. 165. 37. 2.3.2.1. Breuers wife, Mathilde, became jealous of her husbands relationship with the young girl, leading Breuer to terminate treatment in June of 1882 before Anna had fully recovered. In the case of when, it will be either fixed or at a set rate, or variable and at a rate that changes. This approach to learning was called connectionism. b. self-actualizing. These are the same four discussed under respondent conditioning. a. Robin struggles to make decisions about romantic partners, jobs, and even what to wear. If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: a. point out the clients misconceptions. 2.2.3.1. Terms in this set (124) Marie comes from a supportive, loving family and has a stable socio-economic background. b. Possible side effects include weight gain, sleepiness, nausea and vomiting, panic attacks, or thoughts about suicide or dying. 104. 85. Then write a few balanced statements such as the one the article suggests, Ive made some mistakes that I feel embarrassed about, but a lot of the time, I make good choices.. The orientation of the author of this quote is MOST likely: a. cognitive-behavioral. You are doing your best. Inability to disconfirm Ignoring any evidence that may contradict your maladaptive cognition. Considered the follow-up to Watson and Rayner (1920), Jones (1924; Figure 2.7) wanted to see if a child who learned to be afraid of white rabbits (Panel B) could be conditioned to become unafraid of them. What is important to mental health professionals is some disorders involve specific areas of the brain. Which conclusion can be drawn from this finding? To truly understand brain structure and chemistry, it is a good idea to understand how communication occurs within the nervous system. b. helping the client develop a stronger sense of self and rational thinking. b. ego. Reinforcement and punishment can occur as two types positive and negative. When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living. Respondent conditioning (also called classical or Pavlovian conditioning) occurs when we link a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that is unlearned or inborn, called an unconditioned stimulus. What form of psychotherapy is ChaeWoo receiving? d. frustrating the client. b. biological. Thorndike also said that stimulus and responses were connected by the organism, and this led to learning. d. past traumatic experiences. If you believe focusing on a problem generates a solution, then write down each time you ruminate and the result. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: a. unresolved intrapsychic conflict. Notice when you are having a maladaptive cognition, such as making negative predictions. Figure out what is the worst thing that could happen and what alternative outcomes are possible. Their family and friends may disapprove of some of their actions but overall, respect and love them. Behaviorism is the school of thought associated with learning that began in 1913 with the publication of John B. Watsons article, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, in the journal Psychological Review (Watson, 1913). As fears can be learned, so too they can be unlearned. Is this correct? Researchers are only now beginning to tease apart the various biological and psychosocial factors that may impact the mental health of both women and men., https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/women-and-mental-health/index.shtml. The central nervous system (CNS) is the control center for the nervous system, which receives, processes, interprets, and stores incoming sensory information. Furthermore, some patients report feeling as though they lack speech or motor control, thus feeling at times like a robot. c. Existentialists believe that research dehumanizes individuals by reducing them to test measures. Describe how the biological model explains mental illness. 73. b. operate in accordance with the reality principle. Chapter Recap. 71. Conditioning, or a type of associative learning, occurs when two separate events become connected. And if a nipple is placed in their mouth, they will also automatically suck via the sucking reflex. Where do you sit in class, if you are on a physical campus and not an online student? c. role-playing. As time goes on, the client starts to ask the therapist's permission for everything, instead of just making the decisions on her own. Social Sciences; Psychology; Psychology questions and answers; which statement about catergorical vs dimensions models of abnormal behavior is true?A categorial models capture the complexity of mental disorders btter than dimensional modelsB Dimensional models better reflect nature/ reality of disorders than categorial onesC Catergorial models capture the severitu of mental disorders while . Counselors, clinical psychologists, and psychotherapists often work directly in . They add, Oftentimes someone being treated with CBT will have homework in between sessions where they practice replacing negative thoughts with more realistic thoughts based on prior experiences or record their negative thoughts in a journal. For more on CBT, visit: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy. b. focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life. a. humanistic-existential b. biological c. psychodynamic d. sociocultural, 5. Still, the sociocultural model suffers from unclear findings and not allowing for the establishment of causal relationships, reliance on more qualitative data gathered from case studies and ethnographic analyses (one such example is Zafra, 2016), and an inability to make predictions about abnormal behavior for individuals. This begs the question of how we can really know that they exist. Explain the need for a multi-dimensional model of abnormality. b. existential therapy. In Panel A, food makes a dog salivate. 87. Which is a goal of acceptance and commitment therapy? d. A girl is anxious about giving a speech in front of her class. 70. b. control biological factors by focusing on behavior. a. cognitive-behavioral b. psychodynamic c. sociocultural d. humanistic-existential, 8. Personalizing Blaming yourself for adverse events rather than seeing the role that others play. See Figure 2.5 for an overview of Pavlovs classic experiment. In operant conditioning, the rule for determining when and how often we will reinforce the desired behavior is called the reinforcement schedule. The neuron. d. people can inherit physical but not mental capacities. d. caution the patient against using religious-based counseling services. Essentially, they wanted to explore the possibility of conditioning various types of emotional response(s). The researchers ran a series of trials in which they exposed a 9-month-old child, known as Little Albert, to a white rat. Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were: a. instincts, the ego, and the self. A man has cheated on his partner and he feels very guilty, but soon he begins to make excuses, saying that his partner has nagged him for years. Bacterial and viral infections. 154. Think of it as an If-Then statement. d. psychoanalytic therapy. a. equifinality b. eclectic integration c. multifinality d. timing. A biological theorist studies a psychological disorder through the interconnectivity of an entire network of brain structures. Those who are not assertive are often overly passive and never get what they want or are unreasonably aggressive and only get what they want. c. Its use is controversial because it requires surgical implantation of electrodes. 2.3.4.3. What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members. b. Regret orientation Focusing on what you could have done better in the past rather than on improving now. Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? d. classical conditioning. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, weight gain, restlessness, tremors, and rigidity. c. operant conditioning. Negative means that something is being taken away good or bad. With time, Anna O. did recover from her hysteria and went on to become a prominent member of the Jewish Community, involving herself in social work, volunteering at soup kitchens, and becoming House Mother at an orphanage for Jewish girls in 1895. 2.2.1.4. a. Existential therapy is very new, and there hasnt yet been enough time to conduct thorough research. d. classical conditioning. It is generally understood that the students who sit in the front of the class are the overachievers and want to earn an A in the class. b. delusional thinking. 132. Respondent conditioning (also called classical or Pavlovian conditioning) occurs when we link a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that is unlearned or inborn, called an unconditioned stimulus. Describe the role of hormonal imbalances in mental illness. If we stop providing the food pellets, in time, the rat will stop pushing the lever. If my mother or father consumes alcohol to feel better when things are tough, and it works, then I might do the same. These therapies have proven efficacy for the treatment of depression (Kalibatseva & Leong, 2014) and schizophrenia (Naeem et al., 2015). c. The client is operantly conditioned to associate sobriety with happiness. d. Genes do not interact with the environment. A therapist pays close attention to what their client has to say and then makes an effort to show accurate empathy and sincerity in their responses. Personality develops over five distinct stages in which the libido focuses on different parts of the body. e. Models of abnormality are general hypotheses as to the nature of psychological abnormalities. Also of importance to the neuron is the myelin sheath or the white, fatty covering which: 1) provides insulation so that signals from adjacent neurons do not affect one another and, 2) increases the speed at which signals are transmitted. A common example is Lithium; side effects include loss of coordination, hallucinations, seizures, and frequent urination. Still, we must remember that the model is a starting point for the researcher, and due to this, it determines what causes might be investigated at the exclusion of other causes. The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _____ model. Which example BEST describes conditions of worth? Medical Model of Mental Health in Psychology Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? Evaluating psychodynamic theory. c. Beck. The cognitive model made up for an apparent deficit in the behavioral model overlooking the role cognitive processes play in our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Dealing with anxiety. What is an important characteristic of group therapy? According to Bandura, all behaviors are learned by observing others, and we model our actions after theirs, so undesirable behaviors can be altered or relearned in the same way. Biological psychologists or neuropsychologists treat the underlying problems in the. The genes responsible for anxiety disorders or related psychological patterns are the same genes that once helped our ancestors survive and reproduce.